Fibroids, noncancerous growths of the uterus, are a very common issue among women of reproductive age and are a treatable condition. The problem is that women often don’t receive the best treatment due to misconceptions and rumors. These myths lead to confusion and anxiety for women facing fibroid-related issues.
In our part of the world, women with little knowledge about the most effective treatment for fibroids often seek various setups that further misguide them and often do not provide quality treatment. Some opt for alternative and complementary medicine, while others consult religious scholars practicing hakeemi medicine and dam durood. All of this can lead to mental turmoil and a lot of wasted money. In the end, women become tired, and frustrated, and leave their condition untreated.
At times, women are also told that if they get treatment for fibroids done, they’ll either lose their uterus or it’ll get burnt. Which isn’t the case. Yes, there are some very serious conditions where the patient is duly informed that their uterus might get removed as a result of treatment, but that’s very rare, and not necessary either. And, at the end of the day, fibroid treatment is done to ensure a woman’s uterus health is maintained.
Here, we explore some common myths that prevail in our society and reveal the truth behind them.
Myth 1: Surgery is the only treatment option
One of the most pervasive myths about fibroid treatment is that surgery is the only solution. While surgical procedures like myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) are effective options, they are not the only ones. Many non-surgical treatments are available, including medication, uterine artery embolization, and focused ultrasound therapy. The choice of treatment depends on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, as well as the patient’s preferences and future family plans.
Women who opt for surgical treatment often wonder, “Is fibroid surgery high risk?” Well, like any other surgery, fibroid surgery carries its own risks. The safest option for fibroids is a minimally invasive procedure like uterine artery embolization.
Myth 2: All fibroids require treatment
Not all fibroids require immediate treatment. In fact, many women have small fibroids that cause no symptoms and do not affect their quality of life. After considering factors such as size, location, and symptoms associated with fibroids, the doctor develops an individualized treatment plan. In some cases, a “watch and wait” approach may be recommended, allowing the patient to monitor the fibroids’ progression without intervention.
Myth 3: Fibroids always recur after treatment
While fibroids can sometimes regrow after treatment, the idea that they always do is a myth. The recurrence of fibroids depends on several factors, including the type of treatment received and individual patient characteristics.
Uterine artery embolization is a minimally invasive technique recently introduced in Pakistan by Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed. This procedure has a very low recurrence rate and is also the best treatment for large fibroids. According to a study, women who get fibroids treated in the UAE require fewer days off work, have shorter hospital stays, and experience fewer side effects.
Myth 4: Pregnancy is impossible after fibroid treatment
Another common misconception is that fibroid treatment, particularly hysterectomy or myomectomy, makes it impossible for women to conceive and have a successful pregnancy. While these surgical procedures can affect fertility in some cases, many women can still have children after fibroid treatment. In this regard, UAE is a lifesaver technique. This minimally invasive procedure preserves fertility and allows women to conceive in the future.
Myth 5: Natural remedies alone can cure fibroids
There is a growing interest in natural remedies for various health conditions, including fibroids. While some dietary and lifestyle changes may help manage fibroid symptoms, they are unlikely to cure the condition entirely, especially for women with larger or more symptomatic fibroids. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan, which may include a combination of medical, surgical, and lifestyle interventions.
Myth 6: Fibroids are always painful
Not all fibroids cause pain or discomfort. In fact, many women with fibroids do not experience any symptoms. Fibroid symptoms can vary widely from person to person and can include heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, and frequent urination. The absence of symptoms does not mean that fibroids should be left untreated, but it highlights the importance of individualized care and consultation with a healthcare provider.
Fibroids are a benign condition, but the myths related to them make treatment difficult. It’s essential to rely on accurate information and consult with a healthcare provider to make informed decisions about fibroid treatment. Remember that there are various treatment options available, and the best approach will depend on your unique circumstances and preferences.
Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed, an interventional radiologist and endovascular surgeon, is a specialist who has helped many women get rid of this disease, preserve their uterus, and live a peaceful life. He works on the principles of minimally invasive surgery and introduced new medical treatments for fibroids in Pakistan. He believes in empowering women so that they can take control of their health and make choices that are right for them.
To clear your concepts and learn more authentic information about fibroids and their treatment, contact us at info@drimtiazahmad.com. Follow us on Instagram @Profdr_imtiaz_ahmad for daily updates.
Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. Anatomically, fibroids are divided into submucosal fibroids, myometrial fibroids, also known as intramural fibroids, and subserosal fibroids. They can cause various symptoms and discomfort, prompting many women to seek treatment.
What are Submucosal Fibroids?
Submucosal fibroids are benign tumors that grow underneath the uterine lining (endometrium). Unlike other types of fibroids that can develop in different parts of the uterine wall, submucosal fibroids protrude into the uterine cavity. This positioning can lead to distinctive symptoms and complications.
Causes of submucosal fibroids:
The exact cause of submucosal fibroids is not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to their development:
Genetics:
A family history of fibroids can increase the risk. Genetics may make some women more predisposed to fibroid growth.
Hormones:
Hormonal fluctuations, particularly high levels of estrogen and progesterone, are believed to play a role in the growth of fibroids, including submucosal ones.
Pregnancy:
Pregnancy hormones can sometimes stimulate the growth of submucosal fibroids, although these usually shrink after childbirth.
Common symptoms:
The presence of submucosal fibroids can lead to a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity. Common signs and symptoms include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding:
Excessive menstrual bleeding, known as menorrhagia, is a hallmark symptom of submucosal fibroids. This can lead to anemia over time due to blood loss.
Pelvic pain and pressure:
A bulky uterus with fibroids can cause a feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen, sometimes leading to discomfort and pain.
Frequent need to pee:
If a submucosal fibroid presses against the bladder, it can cause a frequent need to urinate.
Pain during intercourse:
Submucosal fibroids can sometimes interfere with sexual intercourse and cause pain or discomfort.
Infertility:
In severe cases, these fibroids can interfere with fertility and may lead to difficulty conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy.
Treatment options:
The choice of treatment for submucosal fibroids depends on the severity of symptoms, the patient’s age, and their desire for future fertility. Here are some common treatment options:
Watchful waiting:
If the fibroids are small and not causing significant symptoms, a doctor may recommend a “watch and wait” approach, monitoring their growth over time.
Medications:
Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs) with hormones, can help manage heavy menstrual bleeding and reduce pain.
Hysteroscopic resection:
For small submucosal fibroids that are causing severe symptoms, a hysteroscopic resection can be performed. This involves removing the fibroids through the cervix using a thin, lighted instrument called a hysteroscope.
Myomectomy:
In cases where fertility preservation is important, a myomectomy can be performed to remove the fibroids while leaving the uterus intact. This can be done through minimally invasive techniques or open surgery, depending on the size and location of the fibroids.
Hysterectomy:
If other treatments are not effective or if the fibroids are causing severe symptoms and there’s no desire for future pregnancies, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended.
This is a minimally invasive technique in which the blood supply to the uterine fibroids is blocked with a highly advanced 3-D precision guided endovascular procedure. It involves the insertion of a catheter into a blood vessel, typically in the groin area, which is then guided to the uterine arteries supplying blood to the fibroids. Small embolic agents are injected through the catheter to block these arteries, essentially starving the fibroids of their nutrient supply. Over time, the fibroids shrink.
This is a state-of-the-art technique performed by highly skilled radiologists who use real-time 3-D imaging for accuracy. In Pakistan, this technique has been introduced by Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed, who himself is an expert endovascular surgeon and an interventional radiologist. He has years of experience in treating fibroids via minimally invasive techniques.
The major advantages of 2-D image guided UAE over other invasive modalities are that it is minimally invasive, which means there will be no cuts, stitches, risk of infection, and surgery-related morbidity. The recovery time is quick, and patients can return to normal activities the same day. The results are promising, with researchers reporting up to a 90-95% successful resolution in pain, bleeding, and discomfort after undergoing UAE.
Consult Dr. Imtiaz Ahmad now for an expert opinion. He also specializes in the minimally invasive treatment of other types of fibroids, adenomyosis, and polyps. For more information regarding submucosal fibroids treatment, contact us. Email us at info@drimtiazahmad.com. Follow us on Instagram @Profdr_imtiaz_ahmad for more information and daily updates.
During the procedure, a skilled endovascular surgeon or an interventional radiologist uses image guidance to navigate catheters through the blood vessels to the site of the venous leak in 3-D imaging.. Once the problematic veins are located, the radiologist will use FDA-approved embolic agents to block or seal off these veins.
The benefits of this procedure are its minimally invasive nature, meaning there will be no cuts, sutures, or related complications. Recovery is quick, and the patient is usually discharged home on the same day or the following morning.
While many men can face problems maintaining an erection, not everyone can be labeled as having erectile dysfunction. So the question arises, how long does temporary erectile dysfunction last? Usually, a person should experience symptoms of ED consistently for more than 6 months before being diagnosed as having ED. It is also very important to consult an expert for the correct diagnosis of venous leak as a cause of ED.
Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed, an interventional radiologist and endovascular surgeon, is the best doctor to visit for venous leak issues. He has been practicing for years in his field and is an expert in diagnosing and treating venous leak. He also specializes in other causes of erectile dysfunction.
For more information email us at info@drimtiazahmad.com. Follow us on Instagram @Varicocele_and_venous_leak for more information and daily updates.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization confers additional benefits in addition to qualifying fibroid symptoms. UFE is a minimally invasive treatment option now available in Pakistan.
Researchers have estimated that 70-80% of women of reproductive age are affected by uterine fibroids by the time they reach their 50s. With this being one of the most common female gynecological ailments, one would assume people would be more knowledgeable about the topic. Sadly, that is not the case; there are many women around the world who suffer in silence with fibroids as it slowly gnaws at them, or they are simply unaware of their condition and its treatment options.
A Quick Overview of Fibroids
Leiomyomas, otherwise more commonly known as uterine fibroids, are benign growths of uterine muscles. Being the most prevalent reproductive tumors, chances of its incidence increase as women age. Depending on the lifestyle, environment and genetics of the suffering individual, the size of the tumor and its growth rate varies greatly. Where some women do not experience any symptoms, while others have to go through bothersome symptoms that affect their daily activities and quality of life.
Symptoms That You Should Look Out For
With fibroids, every woman’s experience is different. Keep a watchful eye on yourself and consult a healthcare professional at earliest if you think you’re experiencing any of the following symptoms:
Abdominal discomfort, pelvic pain, or pressure
Bloating in the lower abdomen
Inconsistent or heavy menstrual bleeding
Menstrual bleeding extending a week’s period
Excessive fatigue and weakness
Bladder dysfunction
Frequent urination
Constipation
Treatment Options
If you’re amongst those women whose life has been disturbed and wish to preserve their uterus, then worry not, there are numerous therapeutic options in the market for its treatment. Traditionally, invasive surgical options like myomectomy and hysterectomy have been of primary choice for the management of symptomatic fibroids which involve surgical removal of the fibroid itself and removal of the whole uterus, respectively.
However, in today’s date, minimally invasive outpatient alternatives like uterine artery or fibroid embolization procedures are also available for the patients.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
Uterine fibroid embolization is a low-risk, minimally invasive outpatient procedure performed by an interventional radiologist. UFE is unique in its essence that it shrinks fibroids of various sizes at different locations, whether inside or outside the uterus. The procedure is performed while the patient is under local anesthesia. It involves temporary occlusion of the arteries supplying blood to the uterus by injecting biocompatible particles, which are engineered /programmed to block blood supply only to fibroids while sparing the normal uterine walls, into the blood stream through a catheter at the wrist or groin area, ultimately blocking uterine blood supply to the fibroids. The procedure uses specialized X-ray equipment for real-time tracking of the particles. The forestalling leads to the ischemic infarction of the arteries that were supplying blood to the fibroids. The treatment promises patient compliance and high success rate by coalescing it with other procedures besides UFE. Pain management via intra-arterial infusion of specialized medication and post embolization syndrome management are these critical aspects of the treatment, ensuring an overall success and comfort of the patient. The whole treatment usually takes about an hour. After a few hours of medical surveillance, the patient may go home and resume light daily activities.
There is a high chance that you might experience abdominal pain or pelvic cramps for several days after your UFE surgery, accompanied by low-grade fever. However, it will clear up in a few days, and you’ll be good as new to start afresh again.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization is now available in Pakistan for the first time since 2017, as a 3-D precision guided endovascular treatment in two of its major cities; Karachi and Lahore by Dr. Imtiaz Ahmad, who is a renowned interventional radiologist and endovascular surgical specialist. As a part of post-treatment practice, the patient can expect a follow-up up to 6 months. There are numerous success stories of patients that underwent UFE procedures performed by Dr Imtiaz Ahmed, which speaks for his expertise in this area.
Effects After UFE
After it was first performed in the 1990s, the technique has since advanced and has become a procedure of choice for many women owing to its non-invasive nature. It has a substantially good success rate in treating fibroid.
Following are few positive effects that you may experience after uterine fibroid embolization.
Low Recurrence Rate
Uterine fibroid embolization has success rate of 99% with considerably lower recurrence rate compared to other surgical interventions available.
Post Procedure Weight-Loss
Although weight gain isn’t usually listed amongst the common symptoms of fibroid. However, often times, fibroid can cause weight gain in the abdomen when they grow large. Uterine fibroid can weigh up to several pounds that may even compress other organs. Undergoing UFE can help you shed those extra pounds as the fibroid shrinks after the procedure and there is substantial reduction in abdominal bloating.
Symptomatic Relief
Approximately 90% of the women that underwent uterine fibroid embolization have experienced either complete or significant relief from fibroid related symptoms. In the context of UFE procedure, even post-surgery discomfort is reduced to a minimum. Overall, a quick recovery and UFE success helps improve the quality of life in all the ways fibroid were affecting it.
No Hormonal Disturbances
Hormonal therapies for uterine fibroid usually disturb the normal hormonal balance of the body. UFE overrules this possibility, which leads to downstream of side effects that inevitably affect every-day social interactions as well as activities.
It is crucial to understand that surgery alone cannot promise overarching benefits and complete success unless it is backed by a healthy lifestyle. It is never too late to start living to the fullest.
Fibroids are considered amongst the most prevalent clinical conditions in females of reproductive age. Learn more about successful pregnancy with fibroids.
Women are key players in maintaining a healthy family environment, however, this also comes at a price since many women either ignore or suffer in silence when it comes to their own well-being. Many women reading this have a great chance of developing uterine fibroids in the future, or may already be affected by it. But need not worry, there are a number of successful pregnancy stories of women with fibroids and fibroids pregnancy is becoming more common now.
What are Uterine Fibroids?
Uterine leiomyomas, routinely known as “fibroids” are the most common benign tumors or non-cancerous growths of uterine smooth muscle cells in women. Uterine fibroids are the most reproductive ailments in women with an incidence of up to 40-60% by age 35 and 70-80% by the age of 50 such that up to 75% of the women worldwide will be affected by it at some point in their lives. As women age, the likelihood of developing fibroids increases. Some women with fibroids are asymptomatic, while others experience intense pelvic pain, bloating and heavy menstrual bleeding that can affect their day-to-day life. Although its etiology largely remains unknown, it has been linked with many factors such as age, family history or genetics, obesity, and poor lifestyle comprising eating habits and exercise. Scientific investigations have revealed that ovarian steroids, namely, estrogen and progesterone along with many cell-growth factors are also involved in the growth of fibroids.
Types of Fibroids
The size of the fibroids ranges from a seedling to an enlarged, bulky mass. Depending on the location of the growth, fibroids are classified as following:
Intramural fibroids – the most common type that appear in the muscular uterine wall.
Subserosal fibroids – appear on the outer lining of uterus, known as serosa.
Pedunculated fibroids – subserosal tumors that develop a stem to support the tumor.
Submucosal fibroids – they develop in the myometrium, the middle layer of uterus.
How are Fibroids Diagnosed?
Being diagnosed with fibroids is no reason to despair, contrary to the usual norm. Fibroids remain a largely misunderstood and underfunded gynecological condition worldwide. In order to clarify all your misunderstandings, take the matter in your hands and seek medical advice.
Fibroids can be diagnosed by simple physical examination by your gynecologist. Moreover, ultrasound and pelvic MRI are also performed for smaller and complex fibroids.
Effects of Fibroids on Fertility
Although they are extremely common, uterine fibroids may Uterine fibroids effect your fertility and your ability to carry a pregnancy successfully. However, its effects on fertility are highly variable, since many women experience either no fertility issues or complications during pregnancy due to these masses.
How Does Uterine Fibroids Affect Pregnancy?
The diagnosis of fibroids during pregnancy is not a simple task. Around 42% of large fibroids that are approximately 5 cm and 12.5% of smaller fibroids that range between 3-5 cm can be diagnosed through physical examination. Use of ultrasound to detect these tumors in pregnancy is much more restricted, primarily due to the difficulty in differentiating fibroids from the thickening of the myometrium during gestation. Therefore, its prevalence during pregnancy is highly underestimated. As it has been observed that there has been a growing trend towards late conceptions, therefore, its incidence in older women with infertility issues is reportedly higher to about 12-25%. Nevertheless, there are contradictory findings on the effects of fibroids during pregnancy outcomes, since most women with fibroids experience no issues with fertility that conclude in natural and uneventful pregnancies. Although the majority of fibroids don’t change their size, but in other cases they may grow in the first trimester due to increased estrogen levels in the body during pregnancy. However, around 10-30% fibroids have been associated with an increased rate of complications during pregnancy.
Complications in Fibroid Pregnancies
If you get pregnant while being diagnosed with fibroids, there’s a high chance of obstetric complications that may include:
Pelvic Pain
Bleeding
Spontaneous miscarriage
Breech Position
Placenta abruption
Preterm labor
Cesarean delivery
Postpartum hemorrhage
Amongst all the complications, pain is the most commonly experienced in women with large fibroids up to 5 cm. Especially during the second and third trimesters of gestation. The size and location of the fibroid along with the physical obstruction may explain some of these outcomes and the type of delivery.
Fibroid Treatment Options
There are a number of procedures and treatment options available for fibroid patients and women can opt for their choice of treatment plan by discussing with their obstetrician. Some of these include:
Medications
Medications that regulate hormonal levels are prescribed to fibroid patients. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists such as estradiol and leuprolide are used commonly to stop menstruation and shrink fibroids. While others can control bleeding and pain however, they only offer temporary relief.
Surgical Intervention
Surgical procedures such as myomectomy (removal of fibroids without compromising healthy uterine tissues) and hysterectomy (removal of uterus) are painful and invasive procedures that women can also opt. However, these are followed by total inability to conceive along with increased chances of fibroid recurrence.
Noninvasive Treatments
There are a number of new and minimally invasive treatment options in the market that include Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS), that uses high-energy ultrasound waves to locate, heat up and destroy the bulbous mass. Endometrial Endometrial ablation is yet another option in which the lining of the uterus is removed using electric current or laser amongst other options. Similarly, Myolysis uses a needle that is inserted into the fibroids guided by laparoscopy and either electric current or freezing is used to destroy the fibroids.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a popular non-invasive, patient compliant, and safe approach towards removing uterine fibroids that is performed by interventional radiologists using live imaging techniques. This is a highly accurate, multistep procedure that uses a thin tube which is threaded into uterine arteries that supply blood to the fibroid. Then, small molecules are injected into the blood stream which block blood supply to the fibroid, causing it to shrink with a success rate of 95-97%. The procedure provides immediate relief without comprising fertility and chances of conception.
UFE treatment is now available in Pakistan for the first time since 2017, in two of its major cities; Karachi and Lahore. The embolization procedure is carried out using an FDA approved drug by Dr. Imtiaz Ahmad, who is a renowned interventional radiologist and endovascular surgical specialist. As a part of post-treatment practice, the patient can expect a follow-up up to 6 months. There are numerous success stories of patients that underwent UFE procedures performed by Dr Imtiaz Ahmed that speak for his expertise in this area.
Uterine fibroids may directly or indirectly affect your married life, especially if you want to start a family. Get well versed with the treatment for fibroids
Uterine Fibroids and its consequences
Marriage is a social institution that officiates a relationship between a man and a woman. One of the greatest joys in life comes from the birth of a child. Becoming a parent changes a person on a whole and is an experience that matches none other. Surely, after marriage, almost every couple looks forward to appreciating this blessing. Unfortunately, issues regarding infertility have become more common now as people continue making unhealthy lifestyle choices. It is owing to advancement in science, that the causes are now better understood, and treatments/alternatives are also available. One of the conditions that may lead to female infertility is of uterine fibroids, however, successful pregnancy with fibroids is also not uncommon.
Uterine fibroids are one of the most common forms of tumors that develop in the reproductive system of women. These muscular growths are almost always benign and pose no serious threat. Fibroids in women are common in all age groups once girls reach puberty. Often, these benign masses go unnoticed owing to their asymptomatic nature. The asymptomatic uterine fibroids are of lesser concern than the ones that pose severe symptoms. Any aberration from characteristics of a normal menstrual cycle should alert a woman instantly. The signs and symptoms of uterine fibroids include heavy menstrual bleeding and extremely painful periods.
Adenomyosis is also another disease of the female reproductive system wherein a suffering individual faces heavy menstrual flow and painful periods. Since fibroids and adenomyosis have similar symptoms, adenomyosis is often wrongly diagnosed as fibroids. Fibroids vary in size and number and the symptoms are proportional to these variations. For example, multiple uterine fibroids are often so problematic that they may expand the uterus to a point that it touches the rib cage. Similarly, fibroids that are larger in size will cause more trouble, severe symptoms and will need immediate medical intervention.
The cause of fibroid in women is not known but it is certain that a few factors increase the risk of developing fibroid. These include maintaining an unhealthy lifestyle, hormonal imbalance, and being genetically predisposed to developing uterine fibroids. It is studied that uterine fibroids are more common in women over the age of 30 and teenager fibroid patients or fibroids in adolescents is a rare occurrence.
Treatment Options: Old vs New
Uterine fibroids that are symptomatic and larger than 10mm in size, may be treated surgically. In traditional gynecology, uterine fibroids causing complications are treated by hysterectomy, which is the removal of uterus. On the other hand, myomectomy may also be performed, wherein surgical intervention removes only the fibroids in the uterus.
Fibroid in unmarried girl or women who want to conceive may not want to go for uterus removal/hysterectomy. That said, myomectomy also adds to the misery with its high recurrence. Therefore, the best treatment for fibroids with high success rate is the non-surgical uterine artery embolization method, which may also be better known as 3-D precision guided treatment.
The 3-D precision guided treatment is an umbrella term that encompasses a handful of procedures, out of which uterine artery embolization alone, constitutes 60-70%. The entire procedure uses real time 3-Dimensional Fluoroscopy which is a type of X-ray that shows live imaging in 3- Dimensions. Live imaging helps in precisely locating the fibroids. The procedure begins with administering a local anesthesia in the form of “Cold Spray” applied to the skin of the groin area to numb it. Conscious sedation is achieved via IV in which the patient remains awake and relaxed. Avoiding any skin incisions or cuts, micro catheter is introduced through the femoral artery in the leg. The catheter is guided towards the uterine artery through which the blood to the uterus is supplied. Serial 3-Dimensional images are obtained followed by placement of specialized/engineered micro-catheters, if needed to complete the embolization.
In this way, the embolization procedure causes the blockage of blood flow to the fibroid(s) or adenomyosis. Additionally, Embolic agents are small micron sized particles that are passed through these catheters, these particles are engineered /programmed to block blood supply only to fibroids or adenomyosis while sparing the normal uterine walls. Another major component of the procedure comprises intra-arterial pain management done by intra-arterial infusion of carefully titrated medications directly into the fibroids/adenomyosis with super selective catheters selectively placed within the uterine fibroids or adenomyosis.
The patient is ensured more comfort via fluoroscopic guided nerve block which is effective for at least 18-20 hours post procedure. Post embolization syndrome which is an expected sequelae after any embolization procedure is dealt with there and then by infusion of specific medications directly into the fibroids/adenomyosis. All in all, the procedure takes around 45-60 minutes and has a high success rate amongst patients of all age groups. It is often difficult to relocate the access site since no incisions are made during the procedure. The patients are usually discharged only a few hours after the treatment in outpatient settings or are kept overnight under observation with a 23-hour admission. As part of post-procedural practice, the patient can expect a follow-up for a few months, especially if the procedure was also aimed at reversing infertility.
